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Life sciences · Journal article
Consilium Medicum · October 5, 2026
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Today, the incidence of inflammatory diseases of the oropharyngeal region is steadily increasing across all age groups, and sore throat remains one of the most common complaints seen in outpatient clinics by general practitioners, pediatricians, and otolaryngologists. Epidemiological data indicate that acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis account for a significant proportion of all upper respiratory tract infections, leading to a significant reduction in quality of life, temporary disability, and excessive antibiotic use. Inflammatory processes in the oropharynx can be caused by a wide range of infectious agents, including respiratory viruses (adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, influenza, and parainfluenza viruses), bacteria (primarily group A β-hemolytic streptococcus), Candida fungi, as well as non-infectious factors, including mechanical and chemical irritation, allergic reactions, and gastroesophageal reflux. This determines the diversity of clinical forms – from acute catarrhal pharyngitis to chronic tonsillitis and laryngitis, each requiring a differentiated approach. Traditional antibacterial therapy remains effective only against streptococcal and other confirmed bacterial infections. However, in practice, the vast majority of cases of acute sore throat are viral in origin, making antibiotics ineffective. Moreover, their irrational use is associated with a high risk of disrupting the normal microbiome of the mucous membranes, the development of antibiotic-associated conditions, and a global increase in antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the search for safe, effective, and simultaneously etiotropic and symptomatic alternatives is extremely important. Among these, herbal-based preparations, particularly natural essential oils, occupy a special place. One such preparation is Olefar Duo oil spray, which contains the aforementioned oils in a balanced proportion. Clinical trials of this spray demonstrate rapid and pronounced analgesic, decongestant, and anti-inflammatory effects in acute and chronic oropharyngeal pathologies, promoting mucosal hydration and regeneration. These findings support the conclusion that such herbal remedies hold promise for the comprehensive treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx, particularly during the recovery phase and as a means of reducing unnecessary antibacterial load. This review examines in detail the mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy of five key essential oils: tea tree, cinnamon, sea buckthorn, calendula, and peppermint. Current data on their multicomponent activity – antibacterial (including against resistant strains), antiviral, antifungal, and pronounced anti-inflammatory – is presented.