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Life sciences · Journal article
Theoretical and Natural Science · September 22, 2026
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), known as a relatively aggressive type of breast cancer that is difficult to treat and has a high risk of early recurrence. Systemic therapy for this is generally cytotoxic chemotherapy. Paclitaxel (Taxol) and gemcitabine (GT regimen) have been selected as one of the standard options worldwide. However, the clinical medical community in China has found that the disease affects young premenopausal women more severely and has different mutation spectra. This paper will examine the pharmacology of the GT regimen. First, it will study the molecular structure and physical-chemical properties of paclitaxel and gemcitabine. The clinical delivery strategy will also be discussed. The traditional 21-day intermittent schedule has certain deficiencies, such as dose-limiting toxicity, acquired resistance and suboptimal biodistribution. Last but not the least, given the genetic and clinical differences between Western and Asian TNBC populations, Chinese-specific real-world data are in urgent need. Finally, we put forward three future directions to address the existing bottlenecks: (1) adjunct therapies for synergistic sensitisation and toxicity alleviation, (2) advanced drug delivery systems, (3) genotype-guided patient stratification.