Loading
Life sciences · Journal article
Veterinary Science Today · September 23, 2026
No summary has been generated for this record yet. What follows is drawn from its source metadata only.
Journal article.
No findings were extractable from the material analysed.
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
The source did not state who this applies to in practice.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
This record has not been graded across any dimension yet. Treat the label above as provisional and read the source.
What is missing. This record has no bottom line, key findings, reported figures, evidence dimensions. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
Introduction. The rising prevalence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic clostridia in the agro-industrial sector of the Ural Federal District highlights the need for this study. Emerging resistant strains compromise therapeutic outcomes, exacerbate economic losses attributable to infectious diseases, and pose a tangible threat of interspecies antimicrobial resistance gene transfer. These factors collectively necessitate the development of state-of-the-art molecular surveillance tools as a part of national antimicrobial resistance mitigation strategies. Objective. The study was aimed at the development and testing of the PCR test systems for detection of antibiotic resistance genes (tetM/B, ermB/Q, bcrA/B/D/R) in Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile. Materials and methods. During the study 472 biological samples (animal feces, wound discharge, feed, environmental objects) collected on 32 dairy holdings located in the region in 2023–2024 were tested. The recovered isolates’ species identity was confirmed by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry, and the phenotypic antibiotic resistance was determined by disc diffusion method in accordance with EUCAST standards. Bank of DNAs extracted with PCR from submitted biological samples and Clostridium isolates, strains of various species of spore-forming anaerobes kept at the Microorganism Strain Collection was created. Results. Effective PCR test-kit for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes in Clostridia spp. was successfully developed and validated. Screening of 123 samples containing DNA of the target pathogens revealed a high prevalence of resistance genes: ermB gene (95.1%) was most common in Clostridium difficile, ermB (90.0%) and ermQ (67.1%) genes were predominant in Clostridium perfringens. The tetМ gene was detected in 52.4 and 60.0% of samples, respectively, while the bcrA/B/D/R genes were detected in 27.1–39.8% of isolates. Phenotypic studies confirmed the emergence of multidrug resistance in Clostridia spp. Conclusion. The developed test kit has proven to be a reliable and robust tool for molecular antimicrobial resistance surveillance. The data obtained indicate a widespread circulation of Clostridium spp. harboring genetic determinants for resistance to clinically significant antibiotics.