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Life sciences · Journal article
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · September 22, 2026
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by recurrent upper-airway obstruction during sleep, resulting in apnea or hypopnea, intermittent hypoxemia, sleep fragmentation, and fluctuations in intrathoracic pressure.OSA is highly prevalent in the general population; when mild disease is included, it is estimated to affect approximately 9%-38% of adults [1].Common manifestations include habitual snoring, witnessed apneas, gasping or choking during sleep, nocturia, morning headache, dry mouth, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, impaired concentration, and non-restorative sleep.Untreated OSA is associated with hypertension, atrial fibrillation, stroke, coronary artery disease, metabolic abnormalities, obesity, accident risk, and cognitive impairment [2][3][4].Intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, sympathetic activation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses have all been implicated in the cardiovascular and metabolic consequences of OSA.However, the extent to which these biological mechanisms contribute directly to the onset, persistence, or exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms remains insufficiently understood.