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Life sciences · Journal article
Revista Fisio&terapia. · September 13, 2026
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Night work is essential for maintaining several sectors of society, particularly healthcare, security, transportation, industry, and essential services requiring uninterrupted operation. However, frequent exposure to work schedules performed during the biological period intended for rest may interfere with the body's temporal organization, contributing to sleep deprivation, circadian misalignment, and metabolic changes. This study aims to analyze the consequences of night shifts on workers' circadian rhythms and metabolism, considering the physiological mechanisms involved and their potential health repercussions. This is a narrative literature review based on national and international studies addressing shift work, chronobiology, sleep, and metabolic alterations. Evidence indicates that persistent exposure to night work may modify melatonin and cortisol secretion, interfere with glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, alter eating behaviors, and contribute to an increased risk of weight gain, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Reduced sleep duration and quality may also affect attention, memory, cognitive performance, emotional regulation, and occupational safety. It is concluded that night work should be understood as an important occupational health issue, requiring organizational strategies that consider circadian physiology, recovery between shifts, and prevention of the effects associated with prolonged exposure to night shifts.