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Life sciences · Journal article
Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine · October 23, 2026
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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic and endocrine disorder associated with obesity, adipokine dysregulation, insulin resistance, and subfertility. Omentin-1 is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. Aims: To evaluate the association of vitamin D3 supplementation status with serum omentin-1 levels, glycemic control, and insulin resistance in women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 105 women aged 16–40 years: 35 healthy controls, 31 women with PCOS without vitamin D3 supplementation, and 39 women with PCOS reporting daily supplementation (400 IU). Serum omentin-1, insulin, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, while fasting blood glucose was determined by colorimetry. Glucose data were available for 103 participants. Insulin resistance was assessed using HOMA-IR. Group differences were evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple-comparison test. Multiple linear regression analyses were adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI). Results: After adjustment for age and BMI, vitamin D3 supplementation status was significantly associated with higher serum omentin-1 levels (β = 56.82; 95% CI: 27.92–85.71; P = 0.0002), lower glucose levels (β = −34.34; 95% CI: −39.82 to −28.86; P < 0.0001), and lower HOMA-IR values (β = −1.581; 95% CI: −2.132 to −1.031; P < 0.0001). The association with insulin levels was nonsignificant (β = −1.299; 95% CI: −3.603 to 1.005; P = 0.2644). Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplementation status was associated with higher omentin-1 levels and lower glucose and HOMA-IR values in women with PCOS. However, the observational design precludes causal inference. Prospective studies are warranted.