Life sciences · Journal article
Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease · October 9, 2026
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Tea, one of the most widely consumed beverages, has long been used for both dietary and medicinal purposes across cultures. Growing consumer interest in tea as a functional food reflects efforts to manage or prevent cardiometabolic risk factors and associated conditions. This review comprehensively evaluated evidence from clinical trials investigating the health‑promoting effects of various teas in humans, with a focus on cardioprotective, metabolic, anti‑obesity, and antidiabetic effects. Overall, numerous studies reported beneficial cardiometabolic effects across diverse tea types. Nevertheless, future studies should address methodological limitations and research gaps, including small sample sizes, limited diversity in participant populations, insufficient standardization of tea preparation when participants need to self-prepare, bias in self-reported dietary tracking, and differences in baseline diets, and inadequate establishment of dosage, efficacy and safety of tea bioactive compounds. Addressing these methodological gaps in accordance with the Functional Food Center 17-step process may yield more rigorous and reproducible evidence. Novelty of the Study: This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of clinical trials investigating the effects of dietary tea consumption on cardiometabolic health while identifying key methodological limitations that contribute to inconsistent findings across studies. Unlike reviews that primarily summarize clinical outcomes, this study interprets the available evidence within the context of the Functional Food Center (FFC) four-phase, 17-step framework, highlighting the importance of establishing effective dosage, efficacy, and safety of tea bioactive compounds in human clinical trials. By identifying current research gaps and proposing a structured approach for future clinical investigations, this review offers practical guidance for evaluating tea as a scientifically validated functional food. Keywords: green tea, black tea, Camellia sinensis, polyphenols, flavonols, catechins, epigallocatechins, functional food, supplementation, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, clinical trials