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Life sciences · Journal article
Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · October 30, 2026
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Photothermal therapy is a non-invasive treatment method that uses light-absorbing agents to convert light into heat, targeting tumor tissues. Near-infrared light, typically in the 700-2000 nm range, is employed to generate localized hyperthermia. Photothermal agents such as gold, copper sulfide, carbon nanotubes, graphene-based materials, and organic dyes induce cell death by raising the temperature within the tumor microenvironment. Treatment efficacy depends on factors like irradiation time, fluence rate, laser wavelength, and the biocompatibility of the nanomaterials used. Biodegradable organic structures have recently gained attention due to their improved safety and clearance profiles. When combined with nano-sized delivery systems, these materials can enhance tumor accumulation and tissue penetration. Additionally, combining photothermal therapy with chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, or immunotherapy offers synergistic effects, leading to more effective cancer treatment outcomes.