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Life sciences · Journal article
Nutrients · September 7, 2026
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This retrospective single-center study describes micronutrient depletion patterns in severe obesity, showing progressive decline in vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B6 with increasing BMI, and clustering of deficiencies in those with concurrent metabolic dysfunction. The analysis is descriptive and hypothesis-generating; the authors explicitly acknowledge that prospective validation is needed before supplementation strategies can be recommended.
Retrospective single-center cohort study with correlational and machine-learning analysis. Adults evaluated before bariatric surgery with BMI range 30 to 91 kg/m² (mean 48.7 ± 8.7); specific center and geographic location not stated.. Intervention: None; observational analysis of existing micronutrient and metabolic data.. Single center; country and location not specified..
Vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B6 concentrations declined progressively with increasing BMI Vitamin D correlated inversely with HbA1c Combined MASLD and T2DM was associated with the most pronounced vitamin B6 depletion
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Clinicians managing severe obesity should be aware that micronutrient deficiencies, particularly vitamin D and B vitamins, increase with BMI and metabolic dysfunction. However, the authors explicitly recommend prospective validation before implementing targeted supplementation based on these findings.
Retrospective single-center observational analysis of micronutrient patterns in severe obesity using correlational and machine-learning methods; identifies associations but lacks prospective design, intervention, or causal validation needed to guide clinical practice.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
Clinicians managing severe obesity should be aware that micronutrient deficiencies, particularly vitamin D and B vitamins, increase with BMI and metabolic dysfunction. However, the authors explicitly recommend prospective validation before implementing targeted supplementation based on these findings.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Background: Obesity is frequently accompanied by metabolic dysfunction and micronutrient deficiencies, yet data on individuals with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2) remain limited. Understanding how vitamin and mineral status changes across the adiposity continuum may optimize personalized nutritional management in severe obesity. Methods: We analyzed anthropometric, metabolic, hepatic, and micronutrient parameters in a retrospective, single-center cohort of adults evaluated before bariatric surgery, with a BMI range of 30 to 91 kg/m2 (mean 48.7 ± 8.7). Measurements included bioimpedance-derived body composition, liver elastography (CAP and stiffness), and fasting laboratory parameters, vitamins B1, B6, B12, D, and folate and minerals (iron, selenium, and magnesium). Correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and random forest (RF) classification were applied to identify the variables most strongly associated with BMI and metabolic phenotypes. Results: Several micronutrient concentrations, most notably vitamin D, folate and vitamin B6, declined progressively with increasing BMI. Vitamin D additionally correlated inversely with HbA1c. PCA revealed a separation of participants with extreme obesity driven by anthropometric and hepatic parameters, while micronutrients clustered inversely. RF classification identified HbA1c, hepatic enzymes (ALAT and γ-GT) and body-composition measures (waist circumference and visceral fat) as the strongest discriminators of T2DM, MASLD and high BMI, respectively. Combined MASLD and T2DM was associated with the most pronounced vitamin B6 depletion, whereas vitamin D was low across metabolic subgroups. Conclusions: Severe obesity is associated with distinct micronutrient depletion patterns that mirror metabolic deterioration. Integrating nutritional and metabolic profiling enables refined risk stratification and may, pending prospective validation, inform targeted supplementation strategies in individuals with severe obesity.
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