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Life sciences · Journal article
Obm Genetics · October 8, 2026
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Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive and therapy-resistant malignancy. This study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) aqueous extract on PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells and its effect on TP53 mRNA expression. PANC-1 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of the extract (10-1000 μg/ml) for 48 h. We assessed cell viability using the MTT assay and calculated the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) using four-parameter logistic regression. TP53 mRNA expression was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. The extract significantly reduced PANC-1 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.0001), with viability decreasing from 39.55% at 10 μg/ml to 9.01% at 1000 μg/ml. The calculated IC50 was 2.743 μg/ml (95% CI: 0.5627-6.345 μg/ml). TP53 mRNA expression increased approximately 2.3-fold following treatment compared with untreated controls (P = 0.0058). S. aromaticum aqueous extract demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity against PANC-1 cells and increased TP53 mRNA expression. However, the functional significance of TP53 upregulation and its contribution to apoptosis or other cellular mechanisms require further investigation.