Loading
Life sciences · Journal article
BMC Endocrine Disorders · October 27, 2026
No summary has been generated for this record yet. What follows is drawn from its source metadata only.
Journal article.
No findings were extractable from the material analysed.
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
The source did not state who this applies to in practice.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
This record has not been graded across any dimension yet. Treat the label above as provisional and read the source.
What is missing. This record has no bottom line, key findings, reported figures, evidence dimensions. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
To investigate the association between different metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) phenotypes and macrovascular alteration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). After propensity score matching, 2,238 T2DM patients were enrolled from the National Metabolic Management Center (MMC) database. Based on abdominal ultrasound and FIB-4 index (≥ 1.3), patients were categorized into four phenotypes: no steatosis/fibrosis, steatosis only, fibrosis only, and steatosis with fibrosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the associations. The prevalence of macrovascular alteration was 56.2%, 56.5%, 79.0%, and 71.5% across the four phenotypes, respectively (P < 0.001). In the fully adjusted model, compared with the no-steatosis/no-fibrosis group, the fibrosis-only group (OR = 1.63, 95%CI 1.25–2.13, P < 0.001) and the steatosis-with-fibrosis group (OR = 1.34, 95%CI 1.02–1.77, P = 0.037) had significantly higher risks of macrovascular alteration, whereas the steatosis-only group showed no significant association (OR = 1.02, P = 0.853). The fibrotic effect was more pronounced in males (OR = 2.57), patients with obesity (OR = 2.72), and those with a diabetes duration of 5–10 years (OR = 3.24). In T2DM patients, liver fibrosis, rather than simple hepatic steatosis, independently predicts macrovascular alteration. The incorporation of FIB-4 into routine cardiovascular risk assessment may facilitate early identification of high-risk individuals. Targeted fibrosis screening is particularly warranted in male, obese patients and those with a 5-10years diabetes duration. Not applicable. In patients with type 2 diabetes, simple hepatic steatosis without fibrosis does not confer an increased risk of macrovascular alteration. Liver fibrosis, assessed by the non-invasive FIB-4 index, independently predicts macrovascular alteration after full adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The risk of macrovascular alteration attributable to fibrosis is particularly high in male, obese patients and those with a diabetes duration of 5–10 years. FIB-4-based fibrosis screening could serve as a practical and cost-effective strategy for cardiovascular risk stratification in T2DM patients.