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Type 2 Diabetes · Journal article
Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders · July 24, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
This cross-sectional study demonstrates associations between adherence to a healthy dietary pattern (derived by reduced-rank regression) and reduced odds of three atherogenic indices (CMI, AIP, AC) but not LAP in 226 T2DM patients. The cross-sectional design precludes causal inference, and the authors explicitly call for prospective studies to validate these findings.
Cross-sectional study. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 30–75 years; setting not explicitly stated in abstract. Intervention: Adherence to healthy dietary pattern derived by reduced-rank regression. Compared with: Lowest adherence tertile (T1) vs. highest adherence tertile (T3). n = 226.
Highest vs. lowest adherence to healthy dietary pattern: CMI OR = 0.22 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.61) Highest vs. lowest adherence: AIP OR = 0.15 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.40) Highest vs. lowest adherence: AC OR = 0.03 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.56)
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These findings suggest that dietary patterns emphasizing healthier food choices may be associated with reduced atherogenic risk in T2DM patients. However, clinicians should recognize that this cross-sectional evidence does not establish causality and should await prospective evidence before translating into dietary counselling recommendations.
Cross-sectional association study showing reduced odds of atherogenic indices with healthy dietary pattern in T2DM, but causality cannot be established and prospective validation is needed.
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These findings suggest that dietary patterns emphasizing healthier food choices may be associated with reduced atherogenic risk in T2DM patients. However, clinicians should recognize that this cross-sectional evidence does not establish causality and should await prospective evidence before translating into dietary counselling recommendations.
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Background. A great number of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suffer from cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Dietary patterns play a key role in preventing and controlling the complications of T2DM and CVD. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between dietary patterns derived from reduced rank regression (RRR) and novel atherogenic indices in patients with T2DM.Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 226 patients with T2DM aged 30-75y were participated. The Risk of CVD was assessed using the novel atherogenic indices such as the Cardiometabolic Index (CMI), Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Lipid Accumulation Plasma (LAP), and Atherogenic Coefficient (AC). Dietary intakes were collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was employed to examine the relation between dietary patterns and study outcomes.Results. The mean age of participants was 62.81 ± 7.19 years. After adjusting all confounders, participants with the highest adherence to healthy dietary pattern had significantly lower odds for CMI (OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.61), AIP (OR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.40), AC (OR = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.56), compared to those with the lowest adherence. However, LAP did not change significantly across tertiles of the healthy dietary pattern in the fully adjusted model (OR T3 vs. T1 = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.57).Conclusions. This cross-sectional study suggests that higher adherence to healthy dietary pattern was associated with lower odds of elevated CMI, AIP, and AC indices, but not LAP, among patients with T2DM. Due to the cross-sectional design of the study, causality cannot be inferred, therefore prospective studies are recommended to replicate these findings.Supplementary information. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-026-02024-0.
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