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Life sciences · Journal article
npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · September 28, 2026
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Abstract This study investigated how Chinese bayberry leaves proanthocyanidins (BLPs) regulate glucose and lipid metabolism through the gut microbiota-barrier axis. In high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, BLPs significantly reduced body weight, improved glucose tolerance, and alleviated dyslipidemia. BLPs remodeled the gut microbiota by reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and enriching beneficial taxa, including Bifidobacterium and Dubosiella. BLPs also improved intestinal barrier function, as evidenced by increased Occludin and MUC2 expression, reduced serum lipopolysaccharide levels, and enhanced microbial metabolite production, including short-chain fatty acids and altered bile acid profiles. Furthermore, BLPs activated IRS1/PI3K/AKT and AMPK signaling pathways associated with glucose and lipid metabolism. Fecal microbiota transplantation further supported a contribution of the gut microbiota to the metabolic effects of BLPs. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the protective effects of BLPs against HFD-induced metabolic disorders and highlight their potential as functional food ingredients for metabolic health.