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Life sciences · Journal article
International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology · October 15, 2026
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly growing global public health challenge and accounts for approximately 9095% of all diabetes cases worldwide. Its increasing prevalence is driven by demographic, genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. This review summarizes the major epidemiological determinants of T2DM among adults, including non-modifiable factors such as age, family history, ethnicity, and genetic predisposition, as well as modifiable factors including obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status. The review also highlights evidence-based preventive measures, emphasizing lifestyle modification, weight management, healthy dietary practices, regular physical activity, early screening of high-risk individuals, and public health interventions. Understanding these determinants is essential for designing effective prevention strategies that reduce disease incidence and associated complications. A comprehensive approach integrating individual behavioral changes with population-level policies is critical to addressing the growing burden of T2DM. The global burden of T2DM has increased substantially over recent decades owing to rapid urbanization, aging populations, sedentary lifestyles, and rising obesity rates. The disease is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs due to complications such as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Since many determinants of T2DM are preventable, understanding its epidemiology is fundamental for developing effective prevention strategies. This review examines the epidemiological determinants and evidence-based preventive measures for T2DM in the adult population.